Descrición
Antes de configurar Arquitectura de Referencia, é mellor ter algunha idea sobre arquitectura de software. Software architecture has various definitions which are derived from different sources. It ranges from designing, creating and maintaining all the code of large computer systems to incorporating all the functioning of the physical and logical components of enterprise systems as well. It is a combination and interaction of all the components (software and hardware) to make a complete system specific to different business needs.
A arquitectura de referencia e análise fit / Gap é unha falta de documento informando á Arquitectura de Referencia para ser usado como base para a arquitectura do proxecto actual e incluíndo a xustificación para esta decisión. É tamén un proceso de análise entender a arquitectura de referencia e da súa aplicación.
A Arquitectura de Referencia é un estándar de arquitectura predefinido designado para uso en particular de empresas e contextos técnicos.
Source of Reference Architectures within an organization can be any proven framework and asset used in earlier projects. The work product is generic and applies equally to selection of Reference Architectures from other sources.
The most important part of a Reference Architecture is to understand the fitness and gaps found during analysis.
A Reference Architecture Fit/Gap Analysis tabulates the key factors involved in selecting a Reference Architecture:
- Business scenarios
- Business drivers
- Architecture characteristics
Asset selection involves tradeoffs. Reference Architecture Fit/Gap Analysis documents the differences between the desired project architecture and the reference architecture in a statement-of-fit and identifies modifications required for the project.
Propósito
Agora imos comprobar o efecto fit / Gap análise no Modelo de Referencia de Arquitectura. A Arquitectura de Referencia fit / Gap Analysis son usados para o seguinte
- Para axudar a determinar o alcance dun proxecto de desenvolvemento de solución proposta
- As an input to other architecture work products. Depending on the size of the gaps, the chosen Reference Architecture and associated fit/gap analysis may form the basis for the whole architecture.
- To highlight any gaps where the Reference Architecture does not fit project requirements. These indicate areas of risk or substantial architectural work required in the project. It also helps to select the reference architecture for the proposed project.
Impact of Not Having Reference Architecture
Selección dunha Arquitectura de Referencia reduce o risco a través da reutilización comprobada, best-practice solutions. Not applying a standard Reference Architecture increases project effort and cost, e aumenta o risco de fracaso do proxecto.
The best way to use architectural assets is to start by selecting a Reference Architecture. This will form the context for a more detailed selection of assets and guidance.
Razóns para non usar Arquitectura de Referencia
En proxectos baseados en activos, este produto debe ser sempre producido.
If appropriate Reference Architectures are not available to a project or a project decides not to use a Reference Architecture, then at most the Executive Summary, including reasons why a Reference Architecture was not selected, should be completed. Often even this is unnecessary. A note can be added to the documentation of the choice of work products.
How Fit/Gap analysis is documented
A Reference Architecture Fit/Gap Analysis is basically textual document, coas táboas que avalían o perfil característico requisitos e cobertura de área suxeita. A forma tabular describe todos os puntos necesarios para obter unha imaxe clara da arquitectura dito ea súa aptitude no proxecto proposto.
Resumo Executivo: Breve declaración de Arquitectura de Referencia seleccionado e calquera principais problemas / riscos.
Introdución: Comentarios introdutorios sobre a arquitectura de referencia.
Controladores clave: Unha breve exposición dos obxectivos de negocio ou restricións.
Requisitos Arquitectura Checklist: The document consists of a standard set of questions and potential answers regarding architectural requirements, which allows a systematic collection of the architectural requirements for the project. This set is used as a checklist to prompt for customer architectural requirements and associated issues, which are documented in a table, as below. This is a sample table and it can be of a different format according to the standard of the organization.
| Requirement | Reference Architecture Characteristic | Valor necesario para o Proxecto | Riscos / Preguntas / comentarios Puntos para investigar |
| Nome esixencia | Franxa relevante de valores para esta arquitectura | Faixa de aplicación ao cliente | Posibles lagoas, riscos, probábeis problemas futuros, temas para a súa posterior análise |
Subject Area Checklist:Cada unha Arquitectura de Referencia engloba varias áreas de estudo (por veces refire como "dominios"). Subject areas are specific areas of concern, por exemplo, a canle de distribución baseado na web é unha área temática que consiste en navegadores web, servidores de nomes de dominio, etc. A simple and clear way of examining the “fit” of a Reference Architecture to customer requirements is to compare it to the subject area coverage. Following is a table for capturing the details.
Subject Area |
Present in Architecture? | Solicitado polo cliente,,en,Cuestións / Riscos / Notas,,en,Nome da área de tema,,en,Si / non,,en,Demostración do Fit,,en,Un resumo da extensión do "axuste" entre a arquitectura de Referencia e as necesidades do cliente,,en,Cada arquitectura de referencia se describe en varios niveis de abstracción,,en,e orientación é proporcionada en cada nivel das características soportado,,en,Para cada zona onde a arquitectura de referencia non cumpre os requisitos,,en,describir brevemente,,en,A esixencia non atendida,,en,Isto é moi importante para a selección de arquitectura de referencia,,en,O tipo e extensión do delta que sería necesaria para a Arquitectura de Referencia para cumprir a esixencia,,en,Tamén menciona que necesita ser estendido,,en,modificada,,en,ou recibir unha nova área de tema,,en,Unha estimación do custo e risco do delta,,en,Visión de desenvolvemento,,en? | Issues/Risks/Notes |
| Name of subject area | Yes/No | Yes/No |
Statement of Fit:A summary of the extent of “fit” between the Reference Architecture and customer requirements. Each Reference Architecture is described at several levels of abstraction, and guidance is provided at each level on the characteristics supported. For each area where the Reference Architecture does not meet requirements, describe briefly:
- The unmet requirement. This is very important for selecting the reference architecture.
- The type and extent of delta that would be requisite for the Reference Architecture to meet the requirement. Also mention if it needs to be extended, modified, or receive a new subject area?
- An estimate of the cost and risk of the delta
Development Approach
The following steps should be taken in generating this work product:
- Identify the most likely Reference Architecture candidate. As there are a small number of Reference Architectures, each with a well-defined focus, it should be simple to identify one or two as relevant to the customer’s project goals and future business model.
- Review the description of the asset context, which is provided in both textual and illustration form, with the customer to assess fit. The illustrations, in particular, are a powerful way of checking customer understanding of the proposed approach. During this process, o cliente pode decidir cambiar os seus requisitos previamente establecidos, por exemplo, a través do recoñecemento de que o estándar de arquitectura fornecido pola arquitectura de referencia é superior ao que tiña anteriormente previsto.
- Use Drivers Negocios, IT Principles and Requirements lists to characterize customer requirements Check with the customer on whether there are any other important requirements that have not been covered by the standard characteristics.
- Examine the fit of the requirements with the characteristics provided by the Reference Architecture at various levels of abstraction.
- From the asset base, identify the subject areas covered by the Reference Architecture. Compare these with the subject areas required by the customer.
- Analyze the fit between the Reference Architecture and the customer requirements. Document all gaps, and make initial assessments with the customer on how these shortcomings will be resolved. This may involve:
- Estendendo a arquitectura (e.g., conectando a unha zona suxeita adicional)
- Modificando a Arquitectura de Referencia (é dicir,, cambiar a súa estrutura interna ou comportamento)
- Documentar a xustificación para cada unha destas decisións en termos de hipóteses, xustificación comercial, riscos, etc.
- Facer unha avaliación global da viabilidade e risco, con base na información dispoñible neste momento.
Validación e verificación
Realice as seguintes comprobacións:
- Asegúrese de que o cliente aprobou os criterios para comparar e escoller as arquitecturas de Referencia.
- Asegúrese de que todas as principais áreas de demanda do cliente ser considerado.
- Asegúrese de que as dependencias crítica da arquitectura no ámbito obxectivo pode ser atendida.
- Validate any tradeoffs being made with the customer and Asset Providers with the following criteria.
- Verify that the architecture is resilient to anticipated changes.
