KAWM UNIX
Taw qhia: UNIX yog ib qhov nyiam tuaj thiab txhim khu kev qha OS. Li ntawd, UNIX yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau cov developers. Qhia tshwj xeeb uas, Kawm cov commands thiab tswvyim ntawm tus UNIX OS yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev. Hauv no koob, Peb twb sim summarize qhov tswvyim tseem ceeb ntawm UNIX thiab lawv siv. Vam tias koj yuav txaus siab nyeem qhov no. Peb yuav tuaj ib co series ntau npog lwm asserts ntawm UNIX OS.
1: YOG DABTSI?
Teb: UNIX yog ib qhov system operating. Kev khiav hauj lwm rau cov kev pab cuam uas ua ib qhov txuas ntawm lub computer thiab tus neeg siv kawg.
2: Yog dab tsi txawv UNIX variants muaj?
Teb: Ntau yam UNIX variants muaj nyob rau hauv lub lag luam yog Solaris UNIX, RAU, SAUM, BSD etc.
3: Dab tsi yog qhov peb qhov chaw hauv UNIX kev khiav hauj lwm?
Teb: Peb qhov chaw yog kernel, Txheej txheem cov kev pab cuam thiab lub kaw lus configuration ntaub ntawv.
4: Kernel yog dab tsi?
Teb: Tus txhos caug Yog tus tub ntxhais ntawm cov UNIX kev khiav hauj lwm. Nws interacts nrog cov hardware, cim xeeb, teem ua hauj lwm thiab kuj yog cov ntaub ntawv tswj.
5: Plhaub?
Teb: Tus Plhaub yog ib tug neeg txawv teb chaws uas yuav siv tau cov kev thov. Lub plhaub txhais lus tus hais kom ua thiab hu rau qhov kev pab cuam thov los ntawm tus neeg siv.
6: Commands thiab Hlauv Dej?
Teb: Muaj ntau yam hais kom ua thiab hlauv taws xob muaj rau hnub siv. Piv txwv li ob peb yam zoo li cp, muv, miv thiab lwm yam.
7: Cov ntaub ntawv thiab Directories nyob UNIX?
Teb: Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv UNIX yog lub koom haum ua cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv no dua rau hauv directories. Cov directories muaj organized rau hauv lawv cov ntaub ntawv.
8: Ua li cas koj bootup UNIX lawv?
Teb: Thaum koj tig rau lub hwj huam, lub kaw lus pib booting tuaj thiab prompts koj rau hauv log.
9: Koj sau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv los yog directories?
Teb: Siv ls hais kom ua sau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv los yog cov directories.
10: Dab tsi 'leej twg uas muaj dab tsi’ hais kom ua?
Teb: Qhov no hais kom ua muaj npe teev tus account uas muaj lub npe nrog rau tam sim no login.
11: Lub npe ib co UNIX commands rau shutdown lub cev.
Teb: Ib co commands yog 'nres’, 'poweroff’ thiab 'shutdown.
12: Dab tsi yog cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob rau HAUV UNIX?
Teb: Peb ntaub ntawv yog cov ntaub ntawv zoo tib yam, Directories thiab Cov Ntaub Ntawv Tshwj Xeeb.
13: Cov ntaub ntawv uas siv tau los mus saib xyuas?
Teb: Cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb yog siv los mus saib yam xws li drives, CD-ROM drives, txaj muag.
14: Dab tsi yog meta cim hauv UNIX?
Teb: UNIX pom tau tias tej cim tshwj xeeb cim li hais kom ua directives. Cov cim tshwj xeeb no hu ua 'meta cim' nyiam '*',’?' lwm yam.
15: Cov ntaub ntawv muab zais rau HAUV UNIX?
Teb: UNIX siv feem ntau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv muab zais rau tom khw configuration.
16: Uas editor yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv UNIX los ua ntaub ntawv?
Teb: Tus 'vic’ editor yog siv los tsim cov ntaub ntawv zoo tib yam rau txhua lub nruab UNIX. Koj tsuas yuav tau muab raws li hais kom ua:
[Neeg siv]$ tsev neeg
17: Uas command siv los tso cov ntsiab lus uas muaj ntaub ntawv?
Teb: Tus miv 'miv’ command siv los saib cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib daim ntawv. Tom qab no yog ib qho piv txwv yooj yim saib cov ntsiab lus ntawm ib daim ntawv.
[Neeg siv]$ miv tsev neeg
18: Dab tsi yog cov peb streams hauv UNIX?
Teb: Peb streams yog stdin (xa mus rau tus txheej txheem), caij nyoog (hu ua txheej txheem tso zis) sawv ntsug (hu ua txheej txheem yuam kev).
19: 'Tsev Directory'?
Teb: Qhov no yog tus thawj coj uas koj yuav pom koj tus kheej thaum koj xub login.
20: Yuav ua li cas yog hom kev tso cai nyob rau hauv UNIX lawv?
Teb: Peb tso cai yog 'Tswv tso cai',’ Pab pawg neeg tso cai’ Thiab tus 'Lwm yam (ntiaj teb) tso cai'.
21: Qhov sib txawv txav mus saib rau HAUV UNIX?
Teb: Muaj peb hom kev kawm nyob rau HAUV UNIX.
Nyeem (Qhov nyiaj pab rau cov muaj peev xwm nyeem tau)
Sau (Qhov nyiaj pab rau cov muaj peev xwm mus hloov/tshem tawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib daim ntawv)
tiav (Nyiaj pab khiav ib daim ntawv thov ua ib qho kev pab)
22: Uas hais kom ua ntawd yog siv los hloov cov ntaub ntawv/thawj tswj tso cai?
Teb: Tus 'chmod' (hom kev hloov) hais kom ua raws txoj cai hloov qhov kev tso cai. Muaj ob txoj kev siv cov cim chombolic hom thiab kiag li.
23: Piav cov commands hloov tus tswv/pab pawg neeg ntawm ib daim ntawv.
Teb: Cov 'chown'(tswv hloov) hais kom ua yog hloov tus tswv tsev ntawm ib daim ntawv. Thiab 'chrgp'(pauv) command siv los hloov cov pab pawg neeg uas muaj ib cov ntaub ntawv.
24: 'Profile File’ RAU?
Teb: 'Tus.profile’ Cov ntaub ntawv muaj tswj los ntawm lawv tus kheej ntawm lub tshuab UNIX. Nws muaj tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv teev npe yuav tsum yog cov neeg siv rau cov neeg uas lawv.
25: Cov PS1 thiab PS2 variable?
Teb: Cov cim tias lub plhaub zaub raws li koj hais kom ua raws li koj txoj kev hais kom ua nyob rau hauv PS1 variable thiab cov default secondary prompt' >’ (ntau dua li kos npe rau) muab tso rau hauv PS2 variable.
26: Uas UNIX hais kom ua tus me formatting ntawm cov ntaub ntawv?
Teb: Tus 'nqaij npuas’ hais kom ua tus menyuam yaus ua cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv davhlau ya nyob twg los yog rau ib daim ntawv luam ntawv.
27: Thaum koj siv 'lp' thiab 'lpr' Commands?
Teb: Tus hais kom ua 'lp’ los yog 'lws’ Siv daim ntawv teev cov ntaub ntawv raws li opposed to the screen zaub.
28: Peb yuav siv UNIX hais kom xa email?
Teb: UNIX 'xa ntawv’ command siv xa thiab tau txais email.
Ntawm no yog cov syntax xa ib tug email:
[Neeg siv]$xa ntawv [-hais lus] [-cc-addr] [-bcc-addr] ntxiv
29: Dab tsi yog 'pipe’ RAU?
Teb: NYOB RAU HAUV UNIX 'pipe'(|) Yuav muaj txhais tau tias yog ib tug connector ntawm ob los yog ntau commands. Nws siv kom cov zis los ntawm ib qhov kev pab cuam yuav muab cov kev pab tom ntej.
30: Dab tsi yog 'lim’ RAU?
Teb: Ib txhia sij hawm yuav siv nws cov tswv yim los ntawm ib qhov kev pab cuam, tej lub lag luam hauv lub tswv yim, thiab ces sau qhov txheeb xyuas tau qhov txheej txheem. Qhov no yog hu ua 'lim'.
31: Dab tsi yog 'grep’ Hais kom ua?
Teb: Cov 'grep’ hais kom ua yog siv los nrhiav ib cov ntaub ntawv los yog ntaub ntawv rau cov kab uas muaj ib tug qauv. Cov yooj yim siv yooj yim yog nrhiav ib tug qauv zoo ib lo lus.
32: Dab tsi 'tsawm tsawv’ hais kom ua?
Teb: Lub 'tsi’ hais kom ua yog siv los txheej txheem ntawm phau ntawv alphabetically los yog heev.
33: Qhov ob txoj kev khiav ib txoj kev hauv UNIX?
Teb: Ob txoj kev uas yuav pib txheej txheem (khiav ib command) 'Foreground processes’ thiab 'Tom qab tus txheej txheem’
34: Ua li cas koj thiaj tso tseg ib txoj kev rau UNIX?
Teb: Tus txheej txheem yuav tsis ua ntau yam. Xa ib CTRL + keystroke (tus neeg ntawd lub cim) yuav tawm qhov hais kom ua tiam sis nws tej hauj lwm thaum txoj kev khiav hauv foreground. Yog hais tias ib tug txheej txheem khiav hauv keeb kwm yav dhau los ces xub koj yuav tsum tau txais nws txoj hauj lwm ID siv 'ps' thiab ces siv 'tua' hais kom tua txoj kev.
35: 'Zombie’ txheej txheem?
Teb: Ib txhia txawm tom qab uas ib tug txheej txheem, Ib 'ps' teev tej zaum tseem qhia txoj kev nrog ib lub xeev Z. Qhov no yog ib zombie zombie, los yog defunct, txheej txheem uas txhais tau tias txoj kev yog tuag thiab tsis siv.
36: 'Daemon’ txheej txheem?
Teb: Lawv hais txog xibfwb yav dhau los muaj hu ua 'Daemons'. Cov txheej txheem no khiav nrog cov hauv paus hniav thiab cov kev pab thov los ntawm lwm tus txheej txheem.
37: Dab tsi yog 'hais kom ua?
Teb: Cov 'saum toj kawg nkaus’ hais kom ua yog ib tug heev uas yuav pab tau. Nws sai qhia tau hais tias txheej txheem sorted los ntawm ntau yam criteria.
38: 'Txoj hauj lwm ID’ Thiab 'Txheej txheem ID'?
Teb: 'Txoj hauj lwm ID’ siv rau manipulate keeb kwm yav dhau los thiab tshem tawm txoj kev. Qhov no txawv ntawm txoj kev ID thiab siv vim nws yog ib qho luv luv.
39: 'Huab tais’ chaw tso dej?
Teb: Tus 'hu nkauj’ command siv xa ib ncha thov kom muaj ib tug tswv tsev nyob rau hauv lub network. Siv daim ntawv no hais kom koj saib tau yog koj tej thaj chaw deb yog qhov zoo los yog tsis.
40: Dab tsi yog dab tsi ‘ chaw tso dej?
Teb: Tus hais kom ua 'ftp’ sawv ntsug rau 'Ntaub ntawv hloov mus raws tu qauv'. Lub chaw tso dej no yog siv los upload thiab download tau koj cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm ib lub computer rau lwm lub computer.
41: Yog dab tsi’ chaw tso dej?
Teb: Cov 'Telnett’ Siv tau rau ib lub computer neeg siv hauv ib qhov chaw kom muaj kev twb kev txuas, Ntev thiab ces tus cwjpwm ua hauj lwm rau ib lub computer ntawm lwm qhov chaw.
42: Ntiv tes’ chaw tso dej?
Teb: Tus ntiv tes’ hais kom ua yog siv los tso tawm cov lus qhia txog cov neeg siv rau ib tug tswv tsev uas yuav tau xws li tej thaj chaw deb los yog tej thaj chaw deb.
Tej zaum 'ntiv tes’ Xiam oob khab rau lwm lub nruab security.
43: 'VIM'?
Teb: Muaj ib qho version zoo tuaj 'vi' editor muaj uas hu ua VIM. Ntawm no VIM stands rau 'Pom zoo'.
