Tso cai yog tshwm sim rau txhua haiv lus programming. Kev ua ib tug yuav txhais tias yog ib ntu ntawm rov usable chaws ua kev paub tab. Nyob rau hauv Nab hab sej, nws qhov kev siv ntawm ob hom no, yog ib tug ‘built-in’ thiab lwm cov ib ' neeg siv txhais‘. Raws li peb paub, built-in tso cai mas feem ntau yog ib feem ntawm tej pob khoom sej thiab qiv, whereas tso cai sau tseg neeg sau los ntawm tus developers kom tau raws tej kev cai. Nyob rau nab hab sej, tag nrho tso cai kho li khoom, li ntawd, nws tseem saj zawg zog dua piv rau lwm haiv lus has.
Nyob rau cov tshooj no, peb yuav tsom rau cov neeg siv txhais zog sej thiab seb lawv yuav siv los ntawm kev sau ntawv cai qauv. Ntu cai tseem ceeb heev vim hais tias peb xav tias tsis muaj koj txhais tes tsis lo av, yog kev kawm tsis tiav.
Wb sib saib tom tej khej tseem ceeb ua ntej yuav dhia ua coding.
Tseem ceeb ntawm kev tso cai sau tseg neeg siv
Feem ntau, tso cai sau tseg neeg yuav sau los ntawm tus developers los yog yuav tsum borrowed raws li lub tsev qiv ntawv thib. Li ntawd, peb tso cai sau tseg neeg yuav hais tau lub tsev qiv ntawv thib rau lwm cov neeg. Xijpeem yuav tus scenario, tso cai sau tseg neeg muaj tej yam zoo. Peb tau saib ib qais cov ntsiab lus nram qab no.
- Nws qhov kev siv neeg txhais cov blocks reusable chaws uas sau ib zaug thiab siv sij hawm ntau, Txawm tias cov yuav siv tau los ntawm lwm yam kev siv tau.
- Qhov tso cai no yog pab tau heev thaum uas sau ntawv logic kev lag luam thiab ntau nqi vaj tse. Thiab, qhov tso cai no yuav muab hloov as per yuav tsum tau.
- Nws txhawb modular tsim mus kom ze. Ces tus muaj ib txwm zoo quas, qho yooj yim uas tswj thiab tsim tawm ntawv tus phooj ywg.
- Raws li tus neeg siv yuav sau tseg tso cai thiaj yuav sau li no ntawm nws tus kheej, qhov kev paub tab ntawm ib qhov project yuav muab faib rau kev ceev ntaub ntawv.
- Ib tug ua haujlwm zoo hais tseg thiab sau thoughtfully neeg siv sau tseg yuav tsis thov kev ntawv ntau quav.
Tam sim no, peb muaj ib theem pib nkag siab txog cov zoo. Peb tau saib cov lus muaj nuj nqi ntau hauv nab hab sej.
Cov lus muaj nuj nqi – Nab hab sej
Nyob rau nab hab sej, tso cai sau tseg neeg yuav coj plaub ntau hom kev sib cam. Lub cav hom ntsiab lus thiab lawv lub ntsiab yog hais tseg muaj menyuam mus saib. Li ntawd, tus tsim tawm tsis tau hloov uas, tiam sis nws yuav ua raws li cov cai hais tseg muaj menyuam mus saib mus xyuas nws cov kev cai tso cai. Nram qab no yog cov plaub hom lus thiab lawv txoj cai.
Vim cov lus:
Nab hab sej muaj ib txoj kev sib txawv ntawm cov sawv cev vim qhov tseem ceeb rau cov lus muaj nuj nqi thiab cov syntax no kuj sib txawv. Qhov tseem ceeb vim yog teem rau qhia tias lub sib cav muaj nuj nqi yuav siv tus nqi ntawd yog tsis cav tus nqi yog kis thaum lawv hu ua. Cov nqi no vim yog muab siv ntus (=) neeg tsav tsheb. Nram no yog ib syntax kev sib cav vim raug. Os ' msg’ parameter muaj ib tus nqi vim “Nyob zoo!”.
- Muaj nuj nqi txhais
def defaultArg( lub npe, msg = “Nyob zoo!”):
- Hu ua
defaultArg( lub npe)
Yuav tsum tau sib cam:
Cov lus yuav tsum yog tus Individual sib cam ntawm tus muaj nuj nqi. Cov kev ntseeg sib cav yuav kis yog tooj thiab kev txiav txim thaum lawv hu ua. Nram no yog ib tug syntax raug rau yuav tsum sib cav muaj nuj nqi.
- Muaj nuj nqi txhais
def requiredArg (str,num):
- Hu ua
requiredArg (“Nyob zoo”,12)
Lo lus tseem ceeb sib cam:
Nqe lus lo lus tseem ceeb yog cov hais lus muaj nuj nqi sej. Tus keywords yog hais lub sij hawm muaj nuj nqi hu nrog rau lawv qhov tseem ceeb coj. Cov keywords no mapped nrog rau cov lus muaj nuj nqi. Ces cov nuj nqi tau yooj yim taw coj yaam tseem ceeb nuav txawm tias qhov kev txiav txim tsis nyob siab lub sij hawm muaj nuj nqi hu. Hauv qab no yog cov syntax rau lo lus tseem ceeb sib cam.
- Muaj nuj nqi txhais
def keywordArg( lub npe, txoj kev muaj nqi ):
- Hu ua
keywordArg( lub npe = “Ntuag”, tug = “Tus thawj tswj”)
LOS SIS
keywordArg( tug = “Tus thawj tswj”, lub npe = “Ntuag”)
Ntau cov lus kuj tsis paub meej:
Qhov no pab tau heev thaum peb tsis paub qhia kiag pes tsawg tus nqe lus uas yuav kis mus rau tus muaj nuj nqi. Peb muaj ib cov qauv siv qhov twg nab npawb ntawm cov lus tsis sib kis tau as per lub. Hauv qab no yog cov syntax rau hom hu ua.
- Muaj nuj nqi txhais
def varlengthArgs(*varargs):
- Hu ua
varlengthArgs(30,40,50,60)
Tam sim no, peb muaj ib nqe caij dav hlau lub tswv yim txog txoj kev sib cav sib txawv hauv nab hab sej. Peb xyuas yam sau tus neeg sau tseg muaj nuj nqi.
Raws li kev cai sau tus neeg sau tseg tso cai nyob hauv nab hab sej?
Ntu no, peb yuav xyuas yam sau zog neeg hais tseg hauv nab hab sej. Cov no yog tej yam yooj yim thiab yuav ntxiv functionalities, peb yuav tau teeb ib kauj ruam ntxiv as per yuav tsum tau.
- Step1, txis rau cov ua haujlwm nrog cov lo lus tseem ceeb 'def' qhov kev ua npe ntawd yuav.
- Step2, sau cov lus nyob rau hauv cov lus qhib thiab kaw quas ntawm cov nuj nqi. Thiab qhov kev tshaj tawm los ntawm ib cov nyuv kawg.
- Step3, ntxiv cov nqe lus qhov kev pab cuam yuav tsum tseg.
- Step4, Xaus cov nuj nqi uas/tsis muaj lus tuaj.
Nram no yog ib syntax raug rau defining zog neeg hais tseg.
def userDefFunction (arg1, arg2, arg3 …):
qhov kev pab cuam statement1
qhov kev pab cuam statement3
qhov kev pab cuam statement3
….
rov qab mus;
Wb muab ua piv txwv coding
Ntawm ntu no peb yuav them plaub yam piv rau tag nrho cov plaub yam ntawm cov lus muaj nuj nqi.
Vim cov lus piv txwv
Hauv qab no snippet chaws nruab nrab yog vim sib cav piv txwv. Peb tau sau qhov chaws nyob rau hauv ib tsab ntawv thov hu ua defArg.py
Qhia 1: Piv txwv li sib cav vim
def defArgFunc( empname, emprole = “Tus thawj tswj” ):
luam (“Emp lub npe: “, empname)
luam (“Emp lub luag hauj lwm “, emprole)
rov qab mus;
luam(“Siv tus nqi vim”)
defArgFunc(empname =”Siav”)
luam(“************************”)
luam(“Vim tus nqi overwriting”)
defArgFunc(empname =”Ntuag”,emprole = “CEO”)
Tam sim no khiav tej ntaub ntawv hauv tsab ntawv li nram qab no. Nws yuav tso saib cov nram qab no tso zis.
Kev ua neeg txhais
Yuav tsum tau nqe lus piv txwv
Hauv qab no snippet chaws nruab nrab yog vim sib cav piv txwv. Peb tau sau qhov chaws nyob rau hauv ib tsab ntawv thov hu ua reqArg.py
Qhia 2: Piv xam li yuav tsum tau sib cav
def reqArgFunc( empname):
luam (“Emp lub npe: “, empname)
rov qab mus;
luam(“Tsis dua tus nqi yuav tsum arg”)
reqArgFunc()
luam(“Dua tas arg tus nqi tam sim no”)
reqArgFunc(“Nyob zoo”)
Tam sim no, xub khiav tus tsis kis yuav tsum sib cav thiab tso tawm yuav yog qhov zis hauv qab no kom pom.
Kev ua neeg txhais
Tam sim no saib kom paub reqArgFunc() muaj nuj nqi hu rau hauv tsab ntawv , thiab khiav cov kev cai uas yuav tsum tau sib cav. Tso tawm yuav yog qhov zis hauv qab no kom pom.
Kev ua neeg txhais
Lo lus tseem ceeb nqe lus piv txwv
Raws li snippet chaws nruab nrab yog lo lus tseem ceeb sib cav piv txwv. Peb tau sau qhov chaws nyob rau hauv ib tsab ntawv thov hu ua keyArg.py
Qhia 3: Lo lus tseem ceeb sib cav piv txwv
def keyArgFunc(empname, emprole):
luam (“Emp lub npe: “, empname)
luam (“Emp lub luag hauj lwm: “, emprole)
rov qab mus;
luam(“Hu mus rau ib theem zuj zus kom zoo”)
keyArgFunc(empname = “Siav”,emprole = “Tus thawj tswj” )
luam(“Hu mus rau ib theem zuj zus opposite”)
keyArgFunc(emprole = “Tus thawj tswj”,empname = “Siav”)
Tam sim no khiav tej ntaub ntawv hauv tsab ntawv li nram qab no. Nws yuav tso saib cov nram qab no tso zis.
Kev ua neeg txhais
Kuj tsis paub meej cov nqe lus piv txwv
Raws li snippet chaws nruab nrab yog piv txwv sib cav ntev kuj tsis paub meej. Peb tau sau qhov chaws nyob rau hauv ib tsab ntawv thov hu ua varArg.py
Qhia 4: Piv txwv li sib cav ntev kuj tsis paub meej
def varLenArgFunc(*varvallist ):
luam (“Yog qhov tso zis ntau lawm: “)
rau hauv varvallist varval:
luam (varval)
rov qab mus;
luam(“Hu rau tib tus nqi”)
varLenArgFunc(55)
luam(“Hu nrog ntau yaam tseem ceeb nuav”)
varLenArgFunc(50,60,70,80)
Thaum koj khiav lub chaws tom qab tso zis yuav tsum tso tawm kom pom.
Kev ua neeg txhais
Xaus
Nyob rau cov tshooj no, peb muaj sab laj ntau yaam ntawm kev tso cai sau tseg neeg hauv nab hab sej. Nws yeej muaj ib co amazing nta uas yog tswv rau daim ntawv thov kev. Nab hab sej muaj ntau hom kev ua kom cov nqe lus uas feem ntau yuav tsum programming. Peb tau tau explored li cas ib tug neeg hais tseg muaj nuj nqi yuav tsum sau yoojyim. Kawg, peb tau ua haujlwm rau ib co qauv tias coding txais kev tiag.
