Аўтаматызаваць будаваць з дапамогай Ant
Агляд:
У гэтым дакуменце мы абмяркуем аб мурашка зборкі інструмента і яго выкарыстанне, як мы можам аўтаматызаваць механізм зборкі для прыкладанняў Java на аснове. У сучаснай эпохі мурашка стаў неад'емнай часткай распрацоўкі Java. Большасць кліентаў хацелі б мець аўтаматызаваны сцэнар зборкі як частка пастаўляецца зыходнага кода. Прычынай гэтага з'яўляецца прастата забяспечваецца мурашкі, так што любы чалавек з невялікай колькасцю веды сцэнарыяў можа стварыць разгортвае двайковы файл, не ведаючы, прымяненне ў дэталях.
Увядзенне:
Apache ant is a generic build tool. На імя ANT стэнды скарочаныя для 'Іншы неабходны інструмент ". Гэты інструмент падобны на 'Make' утыліты ў UNIX, але рэалізаваная з выкарыстаннем Java. Ён у асноўным выкарыстоўваецца для пабудовы двайковых файлаў зыходнага кода Java на аснове і разгортвання згенераваны двайковы файл на сервер прыкладанняў, які наканаваны. It can also be used to generate javadocs for a code base and to execute the unit test suite for the whole codebase. Ant in collaboration with JUNIT helps developer to follow the test driven development approach.
Ant requires Java compiler to be installed having the environment variable JAVA_HOME set with its adequate value. Ant uses an XML file to define the build procedure. Па змаўчанні імя гэтага файла build.xml. Некаторыя распрацоўнікі таксама выкарыстоўваюць файл уласцівасцяў а менавіта build.properties вызначыць некаторыя ўласцівасці e.g. the build version number and other environmental parameters which are required to change from time to time based on the need.
Installation:
FEDORA: On RHEL, ANT can be installed using the command – yum install ant or it can be installed using the rpm – i command. In this case you should download the ant package first.
DEBIAN: On Ubuntu, ANT can be installed using the command – apt-get install ant.
Windows: On windows environment we need to download the ant_<VERSION_NO>.zip file. This zip bundle should be extracted in a folder. This folder should be defined as an environment variable ANT_HOME.
A sample build.xml file is shown as under:
LISTING 1: Sample build.xml file
[Code]
<?xml version=”1.0″?>
<project name=”Ant-Test” default=”асноўнай” basedir=”.”>
<!– Sets variables which can later be used. –>
<!– The value of a property is accessed via ${} –>
<property name=”src.dir” location=”src” />
<property name=”build.dir” location=”bin” />
<property name=”dist.dir” location=”dist” />
<property name=”docs.dir” location=”docs” />
<!– Deletes the existing build, docs and dist directory–>
<target name=”clean”>
<delete dir=”${build.dir}” />
<delete dir=”${docs.dir}” />
<delete dir=”${dist.dir}” />
</target>
<!– Creates the build, docs and dist directory–>
<target name=”makedir”>
<mkdir dir=”${build.dir}” />
<mkdir dir=”${docs.dir}” />
<mkdir dir=”${dist.dir}” />
</target>
<!– Compiles the java code (including the usage of library for JUnit –>
<target name=”compile” depends=”clean, makedir”>
<javac srcdir=”${src.dir}” destdir=”${build.dir}”>
</javac>
</target>
<!– Creates Javadoc –>
<target name=”docs” depends=”compile”>
<javadoc packagenames=”src” sourcepath=”${src.dir}” destdir=”${docs.dir}”>
<!– Define which files / directory should get included, we include all –>
<fileset dir=”${src.dir}”>
<include name=”**” />
</fileset>
</javadoc>
</target>
<!–Creates the deployable jar file –>
<target name=”jar” depends=”compile”>
<jar destfile=”${dist.dir}\in.kolkalta.build.test.ant.jar” basedir=”${build.dir}”>
<manifest>
<attribute name=”Main-Class” value=”test.Main” />
</manifest>
</jar>
</target>
<target name=”асноўнай” depends=”compile, jar, docs”>
<description>Main target</description>
</target>
</project>
[/Code]
Аўтаматызацыя з выкарыстаннем ANT:
Ant падае вялікую дапамогу распрацоўнікам Java. Амаль кожны распрацоўнік Java хацелі б мець скрыпт, які можа паклапаціцца аб хадавых выпрабаваннях блока і стварэння двайковага файла размеркавання, якая можа быць разгорнута на сэрвэры прыкладанняў. Ant таксама дае спосабы запуску аўтаматычных сцэнарыяў, якія выкарыстоўваюцца для выканання модульных тэстаў на базе кода. Thus, аказвае дапамогу распрацоўнікам, якія выкарыстоўваюць тэст-арыентаваны падыход развіцця. As we know in test driven development methodology JUNIT is a compulsion, гэта заўсёды з'яўляецца дадатковым перавагай, калі ў нас ёсць аўтаматызаваны скрыпт, які запускае ўсе тэставыя прыклады JUnit на адным дыханні. Мала таго, што гэты сцэнар таксама можа быць выкарыстаны, калі ў нас мае бесперапынную інтэграцыю ціснення e.g. Гудзон. Our following sample code illustrates how to use ANT with JUNIT.
LISTING 2: A Sample java file
[Code]
package com.home.junit;
грамадскасць клас SampleAdd {
грамадскасць дзесятковага дадаваць(дзесятковага x, дзесятковага y) {
return x + y;
}
}
[/Code]
LISTING 3: The corresponding JUNIT file
[Code]
package com.home.junit;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
public class SampleAddTest {
private SampleAdd sampleClass;
@Before
public void setUp() {
sampleClass = new SampleAdd();
}
@Test
public void testAdd() {
Assert.assertEquals(5, sampleClass.add(3, 2));
}
@After
public void settleDown() {
sampleClass = null;
}
}
[/Code]
LISTING 4: The ANT script to compile and run the JUNIT test
[Code]
<?xml version=”1.0″?>
<project name=”JUNIT” default=”асноўнай” basedir=”..”>
<!– Sets variables which can later be used. –>
<!– The value of a property is accessed via ${} –>
<property name=”src.dir” location=”src” />
<property name=”test.dir” location=”tests” />
<property name=”build.dir” location=”bin” />
<property name=”build.test.dir” location=”bin/tests” />
<!– Variables used for JUnit testin –>
<property name=”test.report.dir” location=”testreport” />
<!– Define the classpath which includes the junit.jar and the classes after compiling–>
<path id=”junit.class.path”>
<pathelement location=”lib/junit-4.11.jar” />
<pathelement location=”lib/hamcrest-core-1.3.jar” />
<pathelement location=”${build.dir}” />
</path>
<!– Deletes the existing build, docs and dist directory–>
<target name=”clean”>
<delete dir=”${build.dir}” />
<delete dir=”${test.report.dir}” />
</target>
<!– Creates the build, docs and dist directory–>
<target name=”makedir”>
<mkdir dir=”${build.dir}” />
<mkdir dir=”${build.test.dir}” />
<mkdir dir=”${test.report.dir}” />
</target>
<!– Compiles the java code (including the usage of library for JUnit –>
<target name=”compile” depends=”clean, makedir”>
<javac srcdir=”${src.dir}” destdir=”${build.dir}”>
<classpath refid=”junit.class.path” />
</javac>
<javac srcdir=”${test.dir}” destdir=”${build.test.dir}”>
<classpath refid=”junit.class.path” />
</javac>
</target>
<!– Run the JUnit Tests –>
<!– Output is XML, could also be plain–>
<target name=”junit” depends=”compile”>
<junit printsummary=”на” fork=”праўда” haltonfailure=”yes”>
<classpath refid=”junit.class.path” />
<classpath>
<pathelement location=”${build.test.dir}”/>
</classpath>
<formatter type=”xml” />
<batchtest todir=”${test.report.dir}”>
<fileset dir=”${test.dir}”>
<include name=”**/*Test*.java” />
</fileset>
</batchtest>
</junit>
</target>
<target name=”асноўнай” depends=”compile, junit”>
<description>Main target</description>
</target>
</project>
[/Code]
When we run this script, ён спачатку кампіляваць код базы, а затым запускае тэсты JUnit на скампіляванага кода і, нарэшце, генеруе справаздачу па выпрабаванні. The test report can be generated in any format. For convenience we have generated this in XML format.
LISTING 5: The Generated test report in XML format
[Code]
<?xml version=”1.0″ encoding=”UTF-8″?>
-<testsuite timestamp=”2013-10-26T18:52:45″ time=”0.077″ tests=”1″ name=”com.home.junit.SampleAddTest” hostname=”INDTAPPL132-001″ failures=”0″ errors=”0″>-<properties><property name=”java.vendor” value=”Oracle Corporation”/><property name=”sun.java.launcher” value=”SUN_STANDARD”/><property name=”eclipse.pdebuild.templates” value=”/F:/Utpal/Softs/Softs/eclipse-java-indigo-win32/eclipse/plugins/org.eclipse.pde.build_3.7.0.v20110512-1320/templates/”/><property name=”sun.management.compiler” value=”HotSpot Client Compiler”/><property name=”os.name” value=”Windows 7″/><property name=”sun.boot.class.path” value=”C:\Program FilesJavajre7libresources.jar;C:\Program FilesJavajre7librt.jar;C:\Program FilesJavajre7libsunrsasign.jar;C:\Program FilesJavajre7libjsse.jar;C:\Program FilesJavajre7libjce.jar;C:\Program FilesJavajre7libcharsets.jar;C:\Program FilesJavajre7libjfr.jar;C:\Program FilesJavajre7classes”/><property name=”sun.desktop” value=”windows”/><property name=”java.vm.specification.vendor” value=”Oracle Corporation”/><property name=”ant.home” value=”F:\UtpalSoftsSoftseclipse-java-indigo-win32eclipsepluginsorg.apache.ant_1.8.2.v20110505-1300″/><property name=”java.runtime.version” value=”1.7.0_45-b18″/><property name=”user.name” value=”utpalb”/><property name=”build.dir” value=”F:\WorkRnDSpaceJunitbin”/><property name=”user.language” value=”en”/><property name=”test.report.dir” value=”F:\WorkRnDSpaceJunittestreport”/><property name=”sun.boot.library.path” value=”C:\Program FilesJavajre7bin”/><property name=”ant.project.default-target” value=”асноўнай”/><property name=”ant.project.name” value=”JUNIT”/><property name=”java.version” value=”1.7.0_45″/><property name=”user.timezone” value=””/><property name=”sun.arch.data.model” value=”32″/><property name=”java.endorsed.dirs” value=”C:\Program FilesJavajre7libendorsed”/><property name=”sun.cpu.isalist” value=”pentium_pro mmx pentium_pro pentium mmx pentium i486 i386 i86″/><property name=”sun.jnu.encoding” value=”Cp1252″/><property name=”file.encoding.pkg” value=”sun.io”/><property name=”file.separator” value=”\”/><property name=”java.specification.name” value=”Java Platform API Specification”/><property name=”java.class.version” value=”51.0″/><property name=”user.country” value=”US”/><property name=”java.home” value=”C:\Program FilesJavajre7″/><property name=”java.vm.info” value=”mixed mode, sharing”/><property name=”ant.file” value=”F:\WorkRnDSpaceJunitbuildbuild.xml”/><property name=”os.version” value=”6.1″/><property name=”path.separator” value=”;”/><property name=”java.vm.version” value=”24.45-b08″/><property name=”user.variant” value=””/><property name=”ant.library.dir” value=”F:\UtpalSoftsSoftseclipse-java-indigo-win32eclipsepluginsorg.apache.ant_1.8.2.v20110505-1300lib”/><property name=”java.awt.printerjob” value=”sun.awt.windows.WPrinterJob”/><property name=”sun.io.unicode.encoding” value=”UnicodeLittle”/><property name=”ant.file.type.JUNIT” value=”файл”/><property name=”awt.toolkit” value=”sun.awt.windows.WToolkit”/><property name=”user.script” value=””/><property name=”ant.file.JUNIT” value=”F:\WorkRnDSpaceJunitbuildbuild.xml”/><property name=”eclipse.pdebuild.scripts” value=”/F:/Utpal/Softs/Softs/eclipse-java-indigo-win32/eclipse/plugins/org.eclipse.pde.build_3.7.0.v20110512-1320/scripts/”/><property name=”user.home” value=”C:\Usersutpalb”/><property name=”java.specification.vendor” value=”Oracle Corporation”/><property name=”test.dir” value=”F:\WorkRnDSpaceJunittests”/><property name=”java.library.path” value=”C:\Program FilesJavajre7bin;C:\WindowsSunJavabin;C:\Windowssystem32;C:\Windows;C:/Program Files/Java/jre7/bin/client;C:/Program Files/Java/jre7/bin;C:/Program Files/Java/jre7/lib/i386;C:\Windowssystem32;C:\Windows;C:\WindowsSystem32Wbem;C:\WindowsSystem32WindowsPowerShellv1.0;C:\Program FilesJavajdk1.6.0_10bin;Гэта:\apache-ant-1.8.2-binapache-ant-1.8.2bin;C:\Program FilesLiquid TechnologiesLiquid XML Studio 2011XmlDataBinder9Redist9cppwin32bin;C:\Program FilesTortoiseSVNbin;Гэта:\Program FilesAndroidandroid-sdkplatform-tools;Гэта:\Program FilesAndroidandroid-sdktools;C:\Program FilesQuickTimeQTSystem;Рэ:\SunAppServerbin;9;F:\UtpalSoftsSoftseclipse-java-indigo-win32eclipse;;.”/><property name=”java.vendor.url” value=”HTTP://java.oracle.com/”/><property name=”java.vm.vendor” value=”Oracle Corporation”/><property name=”java.runtime.name” value=”Ява(TM) SE Runtime Environment”/><property name=”sun.java.command” value=”org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.junit.JUnitTestRunner com.home.junit.SampleAddTest filtertrace=true haltOnError=false haltOnFailure=true formatter=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.junit.SummaryJUnitResultFormatter showoutput=false outputtoformatters=true logfailedtests=true logtestlistenerevents=false formatter=org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.junit.XMLJUnitResultFormatter,F:\WorkRnDSpaceJunittestreportTEST-com.home.junit.SampleAddTest.xml crashfile=F:\WorkRnDSpaceJunitjunitvmwatcher6288340937110531134.properties propsfile=F:\WorkRnDSpaceJunitjunit7583515827572177542.properties”/><property name=”java.class.path” value=”F:\WorkRnDSpaceJunitlibjunit-4.11.jar;F:\WorkRnDSpaceJunitlibhamcrest-core-1.3.jar;F:\WorkRnDSpaceJunitbin;F:\WorkRnDSpaceJunitbintests;F:\WorkRnDSpaceJunit;C:\Program FilesJavajdk1.6.0_10jrelibrt.jar;F:\UtpalSoftsSoftseclipse-java-indigo-win32eclipsepluginsorg.apache.ant_1.8.2.v20110505-1300libant-launcher.jar;F:\UtpalSoftsSoftseclipse-java-indigo-win32eclipsepluginsorg.apache.ant_1.8.2.v20110505-1300libant.jar;F:\UtpalSoftsSoftseclipse-java-indigo-win32eclipsepluginsorg.apache.ant_1.8.2.v20110505-1300libant-junit.jar;F:\UtpalSoftsSoftseclipse-java-indigo-win32eclipsepluginsorg.apache.ant_1.8.2.v20110505-1300libant-junit4.jar”/><property name=”ant.version” value=”Apache Ant(TM) version 1.8.2 compiled on December 20 2010″/><property name=”java.vm.specification.name” value=”Java Virtual Machine Specification”/><property name=”java.vm.specification.version” value=”1.7″/><property name=”sun.cpu.endian” value=”little”/><property name=”sun.os.patch.level” value=”Service Pack 1″/><property name=”eclipse.pdebuild.home” value=”/F:/Utpal/Softs/Softs/eclipse-java-indigo-win32/eclipse/plugins/org.eclipse.pde.build_3.7.0.v20110512-1320/./”/><property name=”java.io.tmpdir” value=”C:\UsersutpalbAppDataLocalTemp”/><property name=”java.vendor.url.bug” value=”HTTP://bugreport.sun.com/bugreport/”/><property name=”os.arch” value=”x86″/><property name=”java.awt.graphicsenv” value=”sun.awt.Win32GraphicsEnvironment”/><property name=”java.ext.dirs” value=”C:\Program FilesJavajre7libext;C:\WindowsSunJavalibext”/><property name=”user.dir” value=”F:\WorkRnDSpaceJunitbuild”/><property name=”build.test.dir” value=”F:\WorkRnDSpaceJunitbintests”/><property name=”line.separator” value=” “/><property name=”java.vm.name” value=”Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM”/><property name=”basedir” value=”F:\WorkRnDSpaceJunit”/><property name=”ant.java.version” value=”1.7″/><property name=”ant.core.lib” value=”F:\UtpalSoftsSoftseclipse-java-indigo-win32eclipsepluginsorg.apache.ant_1.8.2.v20110505-1300libant.jar”/><property name=”file.encoding” value=”Cp1252″/><property name=”java.specification.version” value=”1.7″/><property name=”src.dir” value=”F:\WorkRnDSpaceJunitsrc”/><property name=”ant.project.invoked-targets” value=”асноўнай”/></properties><testcase time=”0.003″ name=”testAdd” classname=”com.home.junit.SampleAddTest”/>-<system-out>
<![CDATA[]]>
</system-out>-<system-err>
<![CDATA[]]>
</system-err></testsuite>
[/Code]
Заключэнне:
- APACHE ANT ўтыліта Java на аснове выкарыстоўваецца распрацоўшчыкамі Java для наступных мэтаў
- To generate the binaries from the source code
- To generate javadocs for the source code
- To run JUNIT test cases on a code base
- ANT in collaboration with JUNIT, helps the java developers to follow the Test Driven Development methodology
