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Overview

Unit testing and integration testing are critical phases in a software development life cycle. However, certain limitations can prevent achieving the full potential of these two testing approaches. The Spring Framework can help an enterprise overcome the limitations by providing a ready made framework for automation testing. Both unit and integration testing have certain dependencies which may not be fulfilled unless the software is in a mature state. To identify possible problems beforehand, Spring framework provides certain simulations or mock situations that help enterprises do complete unit and integration testing to ensure that the software is error-free.








What is a testing framework?

A testing framework provides guidelines or rules for automation of software testing. Following a testing framework is not mandatory. Following a testing framework may yield many benefits such as reuse of code, reduced script maintenance cost and higher portability. There are a number of testing frameworks available such as Linear scripting – record and playback and the test library architecture framework.

What is a Spring framework?

Let us think of a Spring framework like the framework of a housing community. When the builder of a housing community is building the second or third housing community, the builder does not need to know about building everything from scratch because he or she has some experience already. It is about building on the experience and learning from new experience. As the builder goes on building new communities, new lessons such as costing and materials are learnt. When you buy a house, you do not need to build it from the scratch. Vos can mos est ita apud vos servetur praescriptum est sicut provisum est vel extend,,en,Spring basic compage quod est tamquam structuram domus,,en,Est,,en,Java-fundatur solution,,en,secundum quod ad textus applications vos can aedificare coeptis,,en,Si uero secundum exstructo,,en,applicationem coeptis,,en,sed iam de structuram et in structuram aedificationem,,en,Spring compage nostris temptatum compage,,en,Hoc autem de quo in sectione Spring compage potest auxilium in ipsis experiretur compage,,en,Hoc de se patet quod in hoc articulum,,en,auxilia integra et unitas humanae probatione probatio Frameworks,,en,Tentatio unit firmamentum,,en,De Unit temptationis est ensuring ut singula ex codice components talis ut modi,,en. The Spring framework is like the basic structure of the house. It is a Java-based solution based on which you can build enterprise applications for the web. So, if you think in terms of building an enterprise application, you already have the structure and it is about building on the structure.








Spring framework and testing framework

This section will discuss how the Spring framework can help the testing framework.

This was discussed earlier in this article that the Spring framework helps executing the unit and integration testing in the testing frameworks.

Unit testing support

Unit testing is about ensuring that individual components of the code such as the methods, classes, et sunt officia implenda ea quae sunt per se pati,,en,de quo dictum est: tentantes singula components,,en,possit probata in quovis stadio progressionem application,,en,Sed sunt quidam testing fit, cum limitations obiecti, quae dependet dependens, quod ut expleret Domini,,en,quaedam condiciones oportet bene auctus et progressus application ut esse available in eo gradu,,en,Disputatio UserGroup et alterum pendet et illa duo genera,,en,UserGroup ledo quod est usus ut a database in faciendo res VRUD,,en,si applicationem ad primaria gradu progressus est,,,en,ut in ipsis experiretur non potest, quia non praesto sit amet database,,en,Sic vos postulo ut ludere hoc objects,,en. Now, when it is about testing individual components, it can be tested at any stage of application development. But there are certain limitations when it comes to testing objects that are dependent because to fulfill the dependency, certain conditions need to be fulfilled and they may not be available at that stage of application development. For example, User and UserGroup are two classes and the former is dependent on the latter. UserGroup is used to hit the database for performing the VRUD operations. Now, if the application development is at the primary stage, the testing may not be possible because the database environment is not available. So you need mock objects to do this. The Spring framework provides support for mocking of all classes that cannot be tested because of certain limitations.

You will also like to read – Interesting articles on Spring framework

Integration testing support

The main purpose of integration testing is to find out whether all the components of a software application can work with one another in ways that are expected of the components. For example, a web service may be exposed to mock external systems to find out whether it is accepting requests and returning responses.

Clearly, quando integrationem temptationis is performed, multiple classes and objects will be tested in conjunction. The Spring framework helps by auto-populating the classes and objects thus saving a lot of time needed to manually populate the classes and objects.

Other than the above, Spring framework also provides annotations support. Spring annotations quae quidem probatio firmamentum disposito,,en,Spring compage quod providet a paro of Spring-specifica org.springframework.test.annotation annotationes in usum sarcina quod possit esse probatio, quia si proposita maxime succrevit fundatur in application est Java,,en,et superiora loca,,en,Annotationes in pelagus praesto sunt haec compage,,en,@Repeat,,en,@Timed,,en,@NotTransactional,,en,@ExpectedException,,en,@IfProfileValue,,en,@ProfileValueSourceConfiguration,,en,Scribo applicationem sample,,en,Spring integrate in JUnit,,en,Hic necesse est, ut vere test.jar,,en,In prima enim sunt filiabus definiens file pom.xml,,en,Definiens dependentia, quae infra describitur per quod pom.xml,,en,exclusiones,,en,exclusio,,en,org.hamcrest,,ms,hamcrest-core,,en,hamcrest bibliotheca,,,en,ver-context,,en,vere test,,,en,Hoc est interface pro certis assertionibus,,en,Postea implemented si non sit in genere,,en,SprTestService.java,,en,interface,,en. The Spring framework provides a set of Spring-specific annotations in the org.springframework.test.annotation package which can be used for testing purposes especially if the application is being developed based on Java 5 and upwards. The main annotations available in the framework are the following:

• @Repeat
• @Timed
• @NotTransactional
• @ExpectedException
• @IfProfileValue
• @ProfileValueSourceConfiguration

Writing sample application:

Integrate Spring with JUnit. Here you need to have spring-test.jar. First we are defining dependencies in pom.xml file.

Listing 1: Defining dependency in pom.xml as described below

<dependency>

<groupId>junit</groupId>

<artifactId>junit</artifactId>

<version>4.11</version>

<scope>test</scope>

<exclusions>

<exclusion>

<groupId>org.hamcrest</groupId>

<artifactId>hamcrest-core</artifactId>

</exclusion>

</exclusions>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.hamcrest</groupId>

<artifactId>hamcrest-library</artifactId>

<version>1.3</version>

<scope>test</scope>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>

<version>4.3.0.RELEASE</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>

<version>4.3.0.RELEASE</version>

<scope>test</scope>

</dependency>








Following is the interface for validating assertions. Later we have implemented it in a class.

Listing2: SprTestService.java (Interface)

sarcina com.techalpine.examples.spring,,en,publica interface SprTestService,,en,Boolean isValid,,en,Hoc est exsecutionem super interface,,en,Non conpressae ad modum isValid,,en,SprTestServiceImpl.java,,en,Exsecutionem interface,,en,import org.springframework.stereotype.Service,,en,@Service,,en,sprtstsrv,,de,genus publico SprTestServiceImpl effectum adducit SprTestService,,en,public isValid,,en,Haec est enim pars in genere aboutconfig intuens,,en,AppConfig.java,,en,import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan,,en,import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration,,en,@ComponentScan,,en,basePackages =,,en,com.techalpine.examples.spring,,en,genus publico AppConfig,,en,Haec progressio est pelagus temptare ad output,,en,Non obstat assercionibus et ostendit output,,en,SpringFrmWrkTest.java,,en,import com.techalpine.examples.spring.AppConfig,,en,import com.techalpine.examples.spring.SprTestService,,en,import com.techalpine.examples.spring.SprTestServiceImpl,,en;

public interface SprTestService {

boolean isValid(String str);

}

Following is the implementation of the above interface. It overrides the isValid method.

Listing3: SprTestServiceImpl.java (Interface Implementation)

sarcina com.techalpine.examples.spring,,en,publica interface SprTestService,,en,Boolean isValid,,en,Hoc est exsecutionem super interface,,en,Non conpressae ad modum isValid,,en,SprTestServiceImpl.java,,en,Exsecutionem interface,,en,import org.springframework.stereotype.Service,,en,@Service,,en,sprtstsrv,,de,genus publico SprTestServiceImpl effectum adducit SprTestService,,en,public isValid,,en,Haec est enim pars in genere aboutconfig intuens,,en,AppConfig.java,,en,import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan,,en,import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration,,en,@ComponentScan,,en,basePackages =,,en,com.techalpine.examples.spring,,en,genus publico AppConfig,,en,Haec progressio est pelagus temptare ad output,,en,Non obstat assercionibus et ostendit output,,en,SpringFrmWrkTest.java,,en,import com.techalpine.examples.spring.AppConfig,,en,import com.techalpine.examples.spring.SprTestService,,en,import com.techalpine.examples.spring.SprTestServiceImpl,,en;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service(“sprtstsrv”)

public class SprTestServiceImpl implements SprTestService {

@ REIECTO

public boolean isValid(String str ) {

return true;

}

}

This is the config class for component scanning.

Listing 4: AppConfig.java (Spring configuration file)

sarcina com.techalpine.examples.spring,,en,publica interface SprTestService,,en,Boolean isValid,,en,Hoc est exsecutionem super interface,,en,Non conpressae ad modum isValid,,en,SprTestServiceImpl.java,,en,Exsecutionem interface,,en,import org.springframework.stereotype.Service,,en,@Service,,en,sprtstsrv,,de,genus publico SprTestServiceImpl effectum adducit SprTestService,,en,public isValid,,en,Haec est enim pars in genere aboutconfig intuens,,en,AppConfig.java,,en,import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan,,en,import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration,,en,@ComponentScan,,en,basePackages =,,en,com.techalpine.examples.spring,,en,genus publico AppConfig,,en,Haec progressio est pelagus temptare ad output,,en,Non obstat assercionibus et ostendit output,,en,SpringFrmWrkTest.java,,en,import com.techalpine.examples.spring.AppConfig,,en,import com.techalpine.examples.spring.SprTestService,,en,import com.techalpine.examples.spring.SprTestServiceImpl,,en;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration

@ComponentScan(basePackages = {“com.techalpine.examples.spring”})

public class AppConfig {

}

Following is the main program to test the output. It checks the assertions and shows the output.

Listing 5: SpringFrmWrkTest.java

sarcina com.techalpine.spring;

import com.techalpine.examples.spring.AppConfig;

import com.techalpine.examples.spring.SprTestService;

import com.techalpine.examples.spring.SprTestServiceImpl;

import org.junit.Test;

import org.junit.runner.RunWith,,en,import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier,,en,import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration,,en,import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner,,en,import org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat,,en,import org.hamcrest.Matchers.instanceOf,,en,Vestibulum importare org.hamcrest.Matchers.is,,en,@RunWith,,en,SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class,,en,@ContextConfiguration,,en,classes =,,en,AppConfig.class,,en,genus publico SpringFrmWrkTest,,en,@Qualifier,,en,SprTestService sprtstsrv,,de,publica inanis spr_test_sprtstsrv_return_true,,en,Dicere enim bene impl,,en,assertThat,,en,instanceof,,en,SprTestServiceImpl.class,,en,Dicimus enim verum valorem,,en,sprtstsrv.isValid,,en,Si run super application,,en,illud vero ut ostendam in output,,en,Vasa temptationis in domain,,en,test Automation,,en,Haec pars maxime cernitur dies disciplina experimento credat quia salvat et resource inceptis,,en;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;

import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;

import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;

import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.instanceOf;

import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.is;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)

@ContextConfiguration(classes = {AppConfig.class})

public class SpringFrmWrkTest {

//Iniectio dependency

@Autowired

@Qualifier(“sprtstsrv”)

SprTestService sprtstsrv;

@Test

public void spr_test_sprtstsrv_return_true() {

//Assert for correct impl

assertThat(sprtstsrv, instanceOf(SprTestServiceImpl.class));

//Assert for true value

assertThat(sprtstsrv.isValid(“”), est(verum));

}

}

If we run the above application, it will show the output as TRUE.

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Conclusio

Automation testing is seen as an important component of testing discipline these days by the enterprises because they believe it saves time and resource. However, fulfillment of automation testing framework is not possible unless the support is provided. For example, without mocking support, automated unit testing would be incomplete and enterprises would face the possibility of erroneous software at the time when they should be approaching the last lap of testing. Spring framework automates a lot of things and the great thing about it is that enterprises do not need to reinvent anything given there. It is about using and reusing only.

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