How creativity can be implemented in AI?
概观 –
Artificial Intelligence (AI) takes the power of computing systems to a different level. It is amazing to even think that a computing system can emulate human beings. 我们生活的各个领域都有许多很棒的AI例子,en,计算系统仍然被认为有限的功能有限，因为他们无法像人类一样创造性地思考,en,AI可以处理和分析复杂数据,en,在涉及抽象的领域，它仍然没有太多的能力,en,非线性和创造性思维,en,很难想到一个计算系统提出了一个突破性的科学理论，例如相对论,en,AI可以克服这个限制吗,en,AI定期丰富AI，但到目前为止，迄今为止尚无太多弹射AI到一个新的水平,en,AI是计算机科学领域，研究了计算系统中的情报,en,虽然听起来有些奇怪,en,启用计算机,en,在一定程度上,en,反应和像人类一样工作,en. That said, computing systems are still considered limited in their capabilities because they cannot think creatively like human beings. While AI can process and analyze complex data, it still does not have much prowess in areas that involve abstract, nonlinear and creative thinking. For example, it is extremely difficult to think of a computing system come up with a path-breaking scientific theory like that of relativity. Can AI overcome this limitation? AI is being enriched regularly but nothing much has been done so far to catapult AI to the next level.
What is AI?
AI is an area of computer science that studies intelligence in computing systems. Though it may sound a little strange, AI enables computers, to an extent, think, react and work like human beings. 智能计算机可以做许多不同的事情，例如计划,en, speech recognition and problem solving.
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Exploits of AI
As already stated, the exploits of AI are too many to be chronicled here. Still, the most notable achievements are briefly described below.
- AlphaGo, the AI software from Google, beat Lee Sedol, the world champion in the Chinese game of Go, an extremely complex game. Go is like chess in terms of making moves but unlike in chess, it is impossible to calculate all possible moves because there are more moves in Go then there are atoms in the universe.
- Google’s AI software wrote poetry. The software was fed with more than 11000 poems. Based on the data from the poems, the software wrote poems.
- At the Tufts University, and AI software developed a scientific theory on the regeneration of flatworms. The topic had been a mystery for 120 years.
人工智能真的可以变得有创造力吗,en?
Despite its exploits, it is hard to believe that AI can become creative. At least not soon. Think of the exploits described above. The common tendency in each of the above exploits has been the dependence on data, huge volumes of that. The machines first need to process and analyze data given to it before doing anything novel. All that it can do is to probably find a new pattern from many patterns already given to it. That goes against the basic principles of creativity. The human mind cannot store or process such huge volumes of data but that does not prevent it from creating something outrageously novel.
One area that is extremely difficult for AI to foray in is pure arts. According to Michael Osborne, associate professor in machine learning, University of Oxford, 教授算法来制作像人类一样的艺术是非常困难的,en,可以训练算法以大量的艺术品进行搅拌，但很难教给它质量和差的艺术品之间的区别,en,监护人进行的调查,en,英国著名的报纸,en,发现在英国和美国,en,艺术中的工作不能自动化,en,从知名人士收到的意见,en,AI似乎很快就会变得有创造力,en,让我们回顾一下这两个意见,en,大卫·科普（David Cope）,en,作曲家,en,加利福尼亚大学音乐名誉作家兼教授,en,圣诞老人,es,Cope教授一直试图让计算机写作很长时间，并取得了成功,en. It is possible to train algorithms to churn pieces of artwork in large volumes but it is difficult to teach it the difference between quality and poor art. A survey conducted by The Guardian, a reputed newspaper in the UK, found that in the UK and the US, almost 90% of the jobs in art cannot be automated.
From the opinions received by eminent personalities, it does not seem that AI can become creative soon. Let us review a couple of these opinions.
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David Cope, Composer, author and professor emeritus of music at the University of California, Santa Cruz
Professor Cope has been trying to have computers write novels for a long time and has achieved some success. 计算机现在能够写短篇小说，但对故事的质量提出了疑问,en,根据科普教授的说法,en,可能很快就有一段时间AI可以流出,en,单纯的话,en,但是，这些故事可以为读者带来欢乐和价值,en,这些机器写的短篇小说相互关联，可为计算机提供数据,en,这里缺少的基本项目是创造力和新颖性,en,计算系统即使在写短篇小说中也依赖数据,en,Maria Teresa Llano Rodriguez,ca,研究助理,en,计算创造力组,en,金匠大学,en,据玛丽亚说,en,AI被限制为创造性，因为提供的数据类型,en,玛丽亚阐述了数据质量,en,品种和音量是使AI变得创造力的重要因素,en. According to Professor Cope, there may soon be a time when AI can churn out 10000 words in mere 30 minutes. But can such stories give joy and value to its readers? Probably not. The short stories written by the machines are related to one another which provides data to the computers to analyze. The basic item missing here is creativity and novelty. Computing systems rely on data even in writing short stories.
Maria Teresa Llano Rodriguez, Research associate, computational creativity group, Goldsmiths University
According to Maria, AI is constrained to become creative because of the type of data they are provided. Maria elaborates that the data quality, variety and volume are important factors in enabling AI to become creative. 为AI系统提供此类数据的总体失败,en,毫无疑问，在这种情况下，AI的能力,en,AI仍然依赖数据质量仍然认为,en,AI如何变得有创造力,en,它似乎,en,可以改善，但不太可能与人类的思想和大脑相匹配,en,有某些区域,en,AI可以声称可以实现诸如无人驾驶汽车和车辆制造等全面精通的地方,en,这样的行业已经通过大规模自动化,en,提高算法的功能,en,他们需要不断提供巨大的,en,更新和多样的数据，以便机器可以适应和学习,en,基于学习,en,它可以找到新颖的东西,en,但是心理学等领域,en,药物和艺术将被AI不合格,en. Though no doubts are cast on the ability of AI in this case, it still holds true that AI is dependent on data quality.
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How can AI become creative?
AI, it seems, can improve but is unlikely to match the human mind and brain. There are certain areas, however, where AI can claim to achieve total mastery such as driverless cars and vehicle manufacturing. In fact, such industries have already been going through large scale automation. To improve the capabilities of the algorithms, they need to be constantly supplied with huge, updated and varied volumes of data so that the machines can adapt and learn. Based on the learnings, it can find novel things. But areas like psychology, medicines and art will remain unconquered by AI.
让我们以恐怖电影摩根为例，在该电影中，AI在制作中发挥了重要作用,en,在拍这部电影之前,en,作为准备,en,AI被从数千部类似电影中喂养,en,这是AI的工作方式,en,撒谎,en,AI模拟其作为输入的数据,en,您喂养大量数据,en,AI处理和分析数据并找到一些人称为创造力的新模式,en,根据杰森玩具的说法,en,躯体首席执行官,en,开发深度学习应用程序的初创企业,en,AI在深度学习原则上工作,en,“如果您喂了数千幅画和图片,en,突然之间，您有了这个数学系统，您可以在其中调整参数或向量，并获得与训练有素相似的全新创意事物。”,en. Before this movie was made, as a preparation, AI was fed data from thousands of similar movies. This is where how AI works, lies. Basically, AI mimics the data it is given as input. You feed large volumes of data, AI processes and analyses the data and finds new patterns which some people call creativity. According to Jason Toy, CEO of Somatic, a start-up that develops deep learning applications, AI works on the deep learning principle. “If you feed it thousands of paintings and pictures, all of a sudden you have this mathematical system where you can tweak the parameters or the vectors and get brand new creative things similar to what it was trained on.”
相信人工智能可以创造性的人，因为它的成就,en,过去不可想象,en,突飞猛进,en,没有人认为计算机可以区分什么和不是癌症,en,这些人依靠AI的进化趋势,en,AI在短时间内取得了很多成就,en,但是忽略的是，AI通过一种共同的方法做了不同的事情 - 深度学习和模仿数据,en,但是创造力需要独立,en,含义,en,AI变得有创造力有三个含义,en,它可能会取代某些领域的人类,en,它已经在此类领域造成了巨大的破坏,en,AI和人类会在某些领域相互补充,en, unthinkable in the past, have increased in leaps and bounds. For example, no one believed that a computer could distinguish between what is and what is not cancer. Basically, such people are relying on the evolutionary trends of AI. Indeed, AI has achieved a lot in a short period. But what is ignored is that AI has done different things with a common approach – deep learning and mimicking data. But creativity demands independence.
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Implications
There are three implications of the AI becoming creative. One, it can potentially replace human beings in certain domains. It has already been causing massive disruption in such domains. Two, AI and human beings will complement each other in certain domains. For example, 重复的任务将留给人工智能，而人类更具创意的工作,en,最后的,en,某些域将几乎完全被AI完全征服,en,人工智能被许多人投射为人类灾难性的东西，因为它将带走工作,en,虽然部分是真的,en,人工智能通过实际迫使更多的创新来有可能为我们释放美好的未来,en,前进的道路是人与人工智能之间的协调,en. Last, certain domains will remain almost fully unconquered by AI.
结论
AI is projected by many as something catastrophic for mankind because it is going to take away jobs. While that is partly true, AI can potentially unlock a great future for us by actually forcing greater innovations. The way forward is coordination between human and the AI.
